ALPHABETICAL ORDER AND UNICODE FOR NAVLIPI
In this section, we give the “alphabetical order” of NAVLIPI, from a didactic, pedagogical point of view; i.e. how the alphabet would be taught or presented in a classroom.
The 1st sub-section below gives a SUMMARY. The 2nd subsection gives DETAIL, including phonetic description, word examples and Unicode.
Alphabetical Order, as to be Taught: Summary
NAVLIPI letters in bold red, followed by sequential number in the NAVLIPI alphabet, in blue. (NOTE: The classifications shown, e.g. “Vowels: Fundamental”, are for aids in teaching; it is hoped that they would be taught with the alphabet.)
Vowels: Fundamental
- q (1). qq (2). a (3). ao (4). aao (5). aa (6).
- i (7). ii (8).
- u (9). uu (10).
- ȓ (11). ȓȓ (12). l (13). ll (14).
- m00 (15). n00 (16).
Vowels: Derivative
- ε (17). εε (18). e (19). ee (20). ɔ (21). ɔɔ (22).
- o (23). oo (24). Ω (25). ΩΩ (26). o/ (27). o// (28).
- y (29). yy (30)
Plosives: Glottal
Plosives: Uvular
Plosives: Velar
- k (34). kho (35). g (36). gho (37). no (38).
Plosives: Medio-Palatal
- 2 (39). ƪ. (40). on (41).
Plosives: Palatal
- c (42). cho (43). ƪ (44). ƪho (45). ƞ (46).
Plosives: Retroflex
- ŧ (47). ŧho (48). đ (49). đho (50). ր (51).
Plosives: Alveolar
- tt (52). ttho (53). dt (54). dtho (55). n (56).
Plosives: Alveolar, Pharyngealized (“faucal”)
Plosives: Dental
- t (59). tho (60). d (61). dho (62). n (63).
Plosives: Bilabial
- p (64). pho (65). b (66). bho (67). m (68).
Semivowels (“approximants”); and related taps (flaps)
- j (69). r (70). rr (71). rrr (72). ⱡ (73). l (74). l (75). w (76).
Fricatives: Glottal
Fricatives: Pharyngeal
Fricatives: Uvular
Fricatives: Velar
Fricatives: Retroflex
Fricatives: Palatal
Fricatives: Alveolar
Fricatives: Alveolo-Dental
Fricatives: Inter-Dental
Fricatives: Labio-Dental
Most Common, Stand-Alone Phonemic Condensates
- vw (93). xr (94). ph8 (95).
Most Common Post-Ops (Post-Positional Operators)
- ho (96). h0 (97). ꝏ (98). 8 (99). ~ (100). . (101). .. (102).
ƶ (103).
Alphabetical Order: Detail (including Word Examples and Unicode)
Legend
- For simplicity and brevity, only lower case NAVLIPI letters are given.
- NAVLIPI letters in bold red, followed by:
- Sequential number in NAVLIPI alphabet, in blue.
- Phonetic description (e.g. “aspirated, voiced plosive”), if necessary.
- Word example(s) in italics, with letter or sound highlighted in bold.
- Unicode of the NAVLIPI letter, in bold black underline, again for lower case only, and only for the most widely used form of the letter/glyph. Where giving the Unicode is redundant, it is not given; (e.g. in the case of NAVLIPI k.. which is just a combination of k + . + . ).
- For vowels, the short and long forms are given, as both these will be taught.
- Example: i (7). English hit, Hindi इ . U+00069. ii (8) (long vowel). English heat, Hindi ई .
Vowels: Fundamental
- q (1). (jaw closed; the “Schwa”) American English maker, 2nd vowel in Hindi यन्त्र. U+00071. qq (2). (long vowel).
- a (3). (jaw mid-open) English about, Hindi अ . U+00061. ao (4). (long vowel).
- aao (5) (jaw fully open; short vowel, rare). aa (6) (long vowel). English father, Hindi आ .
- i (7). English hit, Hindi इ . U+00069. ii (8) (long vowel). English heat, Hindi ई.
- u (9). English pull, Hindi उ . U+00075. uu (10) (long vowel). English pool, Hindi ऊ.
- ȓ (11). American English maker, Hindi ऋ . >U+00213. ȓȓ (12) (long vowel).
- l (13). American English able, Hindi लृ . U+0006C. ll (14) (long vowel).
- m00 (15). English mmmm… , South African name Mbeki. (m= U+0006D. )
- n00 (16). English nnnnn… , East African name Nkomo. Hindi अं . (n= U+0006E. )
Vowels: Derivative
- ε (17). English gray, Hindi ए, Spanish que. U+003B5. εε (18) (long vowel).
- e (19). English bet. Vowel in first syllable of Hindi कहना. U+00065. ee (20) (long vowel). English fair, vowel in Hindi है.
- ɔ (21). English Jack, vowel in Hindi मै. U+00254. ɔɔ (22) (long vowel).
- o (23). Spanish doble. U+0006F. oo (24) (long vowel). English door, Hindi ओ .
- Ω (25). English ball, vowel in Hindi कौन. U+003A9. ΩΩ (26) (long vowel).
- o/ (27). French feuille. U+0006F + U+0002F.
- o// (28). German schön. U+0006F + U+0002F + U+0002F.
- y (29). French tu, German ȕber. U+00079. yy (30) (long vowel).
Non-Vowels: Plosives, Glottal
- : (31). (Glottal stop; frequently transcribed in Latin transcription as apostrophe, [’].) Arabic (Latin transcription sa’ala, “asked”). Hawaiian name, Hawai’i. Sound of hyphen in English co–opt, English Cockney lo’o money (“lot of money”). U+0003A.
Non-Vowels: Plosives, Uvular
- k.. (32). (unaspirated, unvoiced) (Latin transcription usually q). Arabic (qalb, “heart”).
- n.. (33). (nasal) Japanese 順番 (junbaan.., “turn”).
Non-Vowels: Plosives, Velar
- k (34). (unaspirated, unvoiced) English sky., Hindi क . U+0006B.
- kho (35). (aspirated, unvoiced) English (American, British pronunciation) kitten, Hindi ख.
- g (36). (unaspirated, voiced) English good, Hindi ग. U+00067.
- gho (37). (aspirated, voiced) Hindi घ .
- no (38). (nasal) English king, Hindi ङ .
Non-Vowels: Plosives, Medio-Palatal
- 2 (39). (unaspirated, unvoiced) Turkish car, “advantage, profit”. U+00032.
- ƪ. (40). (unaspirated, voiced) Turkish jem, “horse bit”. U+001AA + U+0002E .
- on (41). (nasal) Irish ngiall (“hostage”).
Non-Vowels: Plosives, Palatal
- c (42). (unaspirated, unvoiced) English (Irish or Indian pronunciation) chick, Spanish chica, Italian ciao, Hindi च . U+00063.
- cho (43). (aspirated, unvoiced) Hindi छ .
- ƪ (44). (unaspirated, voiced) English joke, Hindi ज . U+001AA.
- ƪho (45). (aspirated, voiced) Hindi झ .
- ƞ (46). (nasal) English inch, Hindi ञ . U+0019E.
Non-Vowels: Plosives, Retroflex
- ŧ (47). (unaspirated, unvoiced) Hindi ट . U+00167 .
- ŧho (48). (aspirated, unvoiced) Hindi ठ .
- đ (49). (unaspirated, voiced) Hindi ड . U+00111 .
- đho (50). (aspirated, voiced) Hindi ढ .
- ր (51). (nasal) Hindi ण . U+00580.
Non-Vowels: Plosives, Alveolar
- tt (52). (unaspirated, unvoiced) English sty. U+00074 + U+00074 .
- ttho (53). (aspirated, unvoiced) English (American and British pronunciation) tomorrow.
- dt (54). (unaspirated, voiced) English day . U+00064 + U+00074 .
- dtho (55). (aspirated, voiced).
- n (56). (nasal) English indeed. U+0006E.
Non-Vowels: Plosives, Alveolar, Pharyngealized (“faucal”)
- tt.. (57). (unaspirated, unvoiced) Arabic (tifl, “child”).
- dt.. (58). Arabic (fadl, “favor”).
Non-Vowels: Plosives, Dental
- t (59). (unaspirated, unvoiced) Spanish tu (“you”), Hindi त . U+00074 .
- tho (60). (aspirated, unvoiced) Hindi थ .
- d (61) (unaspirated, voiced) Spanish dar (“to give”), dos (“two”), Hindi द . U+00064 .
- dho (62). (aspirated, voiced) Hindi ध .
- n (63). (nasal) Spanish andar (“to walk”), Hindi न . U+0006E .
Non-Vowels: Plosives, Bilabial
- p (64). (unaspirated, unvoiced) English spy, Hindi प . U+00070.
- pho (65) (aspirated, unvoiced) English (American and British pronunciation) put, Hindi फ
- b (66). (unaspirated, voiced) English bit, Hindi ब . U+00062.
- bho (67). (aspirated, voiced) Hindi भ .
- m (68). (nasal) English met, Hindi म . U+0006D.
Non-vowels: Semivowels (“approximants”); and related taps (flaps):
- j (69). (palatal) English yes, Hindi य . U+0006A.
- r (70). (alveolar and also retroflex, central semivowel). English risk (British pronunciation alveolar, American pronunciation retroflex). U+00072 .
- rr (71) “Rolled” or “trilled” r-sound (alveolar, central tap or flap). Spanish pero (“but”) Hindi र .
- rrr (72) Extra “Rolled” or “trilled” r-sound (alveolar, central tap or flap). Spanish perro (“dog”).
- ⱡ (73) (retroflex, central semivowel, but with jaw forward). Tamil ழ, usually transcribed in Latin script as zh . U+02C61.
- l (74). (retroflex, lateral semivowel). Dewanaagari ळ (as used in Maraathi), Tamil ள U+02113.
- l (75) (alveolar lateral semivowel). English list Hindi ल . U+0006C .
- w (76). (bilabial) English win. Hindi व . U+00077.
Non-Vowels: Fricatives, Glottal
- h (77). English hit, Hindi ह . U+00068.
Non-Vowels: Fricatives, Pharyngeal
- h.. (78) Arabic , , , as in Arabic (“sea”, Latin transcription bahr).
Non-Vowels: Fricatives, Uvular
- x.. (79) (unvoiced) German doch (“but yes”).
- ƹ.. (80) (voiced) Parisian French rouler (“to roll”).
Non-Vowels: Fricatives, Velar
- x (81). (unvoiced) Irish chaol (“thin”), Scots Gaelic loch (“lake”). Hindi ख़ U+00078.
- ƹ (82). (voiced) As in Arabic (“parrot”, Latin transcription babaga, NAVLIPI transcription babaƹa)
Non-Vowels: Fricatives, Retroflex
- ŧh0 (83). (unvoiced) Hindi ष . Mandarin 谢谢你 (Latin transcription, with tone markers, Xie4 Xie4 Ni3, “Thank You”)
Non-Vowels: Fricatives, Palatal
- sh0 (84). (unvoiced) English shoot.
- zh0 (85). (voiced) English pleasure.
Non-Vowels: Fricatives, Alveolar
- tth0 (86). (unvoiced) Russian щётка (“brush”, Latin transcription shchotka, NAVLIPI transcription th0Ωtkaa).
Non-Vowels: Fricatives, Alveolo-Dental
- s (87). (unvoiced) English sit. Hindi स . U+00073.
- z (88). (voiced) English zebra. Hindi ज़ . U+0007A.
Non-Vowels: Fricatives, Inter-Dental
- th0 (89). (unvoiced) English thin.
- dh0 (90). (voiced) English though.
Non-Vowels: Fricatives, Labio-Dental
(more specifically, infralabio-supradental)
- f (91). (unvoiced) English find. Hindi फ़ . U+00066.
- v (92). (voiced) English valor. Hindi, alternate pronunciation of व . U+00076.
Most Common Stand-Alone Phonemic Condensates (Not Represented by Post-Ops)
- vw (93). Can be articulated either as [v] or as [w]; e.g. Hindi van, wan (“forest, wood”, NAVLIPI transcription vwan),
- xr (94). Can be articulated either as trilled [rr] r–sound, or as uvular or velar fricative (whether voiced or unvoiced e.g. Parisian French rien (“nothing”, NAVLIPI transcription xrie~).
- ph8 (95). Can be articulated either as [f] (unvoiced labio-dental fricative) or as [ph] (unvoiced, aspirated bilabial plosive); e.g. Hindi fal, phal (“fruit”, NAVLIPI transcription ph8al),
Most Common Post-Ops (Post-Positional Operators)
(Placed after letter they act upon)
- ho (96). Aspiration. E.g. [p] (unaspirated) vs. [pho] (aspirated)
- h0 (97). Fricatization. E.g. [t] (dental plosive) vs. [th0] (dental or interdental fricative)
- ꝏ (98). (Subscripted infinity sign). Unvoiced + Voiced. E.g. [bꝏ] to represent both the p and b sounds. U+0A74F.
- 8 (99). (subscripted number 8). Plosive plus its “forward fricative”. E.g. [ph8] to represent both the ph and f sounds in Hindi. U+00038.
- ~ (100). (Tilde). Nasalization. E.g. as in Portuguese São (“saint”) U+0007E.
- . (101). (Period, fullstop or dot, single). Flap/tap. Used especially in Indian languages. . U+0002E.
- .. (102). (Period, fullstop or dot, 2X). Pharyngeal, uvular or “faucal” variant
ƶ (103). Click, ingressive. E.g. English “tsk tsk” [in NAVLIPI tƶ tƶ] (indication of disapproval or negativity); and common sound to urge on horses, the “giddyap” click [in NAVLIPI lƶ lƶ ]. U+001B6.